BBE THIINKOON

सोमवार, 12 सितंबर 2016

Unknown 10:36:00 pm

भोलेनाथ का है आशीर्वाद, इस गांव में आने वाला नहीं रहेगा गरीब

भोलेनाथ का है आशीर्वाद, इस गांव में आने वाला नहीं रहेगा गरीब

अगर आप गरीबी और दरिद्रता से हमेशा के लिए पीछा छुड़ाना चाहते हैं, तो उत्तराखंड में स्थित देश के सीमांत गांव माणा में आना होगा। कहते हैं कि इस गांव को भगवान भोलेनाथ का आशीर्वाद मिला है कि जो भी यहां आएगा, उसकी गरीबी दूर हो जाएगी।

इस गांव के बारे में कहा जाता है कि यहीं गणेश जी ने व्यास ‌ऋषि के कहने पर महाभारत की रचना की थी। यही नहीं, महाभारत युद्ध के समाप्त होने पर पांडव द्रोपदी सहित इसी गांव से होकर ही स्वर्ग को जाने वाली स्वर्गारोहिणी सीढ़ी तक गए थे। इसके आलावा इस गांव को श्रापमुक्त ज
गह का दर्जा भी प्राप्त है।

माना जाता है कि व्यक्ति के जीवन में जो भी कष्ट हैं वह पापों का फल होता है। मगर, इस गांव में आने से व्यक्ति सभी पापों से मुक्त हो जाता है। चमोली जिले में स्थित देश का सबसे अंतिम गांव माणा। यहीं पर माना दर्रा है, जिसके जरिये भारत और तिब्बत के बीच वर्षों से व्यापार होता रहा थाl

ऐसे मिला वरदान

पवित्र बदरीनाथ धाम से 3 किमी आगे भारत और तिब्बत सीमा स्थित इस यह गांव का नाम भगवान शिव के भक्त मणिभद्र देव के नाम पर पड़ा है। कहते हैं कि माणिकशाह नाम एक व्यापारी था, जो शिव का बहुत बड़ा भक्त था। एक बार व्यापारिक से पैसे कमाकर लौटने के दौरान लुटेरों ने उसका सिर काट दिया।

इसके बाद भी उसकी गर्दन शिव का जाप कर रही थी। उसकी श्रद्धा से प्रसन्न होकर शिव ने उसके गर्दन पर वराह का सिर लगा दिया। कहते है कि इसके बाद माना गांव में मणिभद्र की पूजा की जाने लगी।

उत्तराखंड संस्कृत अकादमी, हरिद्वार के उपाध्यक्ष पंडित नंद किशोर पुरोहित बताते हैं कि भोलेनाथ ने माणिक शाह को वरदान दिया कि माणा आने पर व्यक्ति की दरिद्रता दूर हो जाएगी। मणिभद्र भगवान से बृहस्पतिवार को धन की प्रार्थना करने से अगले बृहस्पतिवार तक धन मिल जाता है।

Unknown 4:18:00 pm

Black ghost knifefish

Black ghost knifefish

Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Gymnotiformes
Family:	Apteronotidae
Genus:	Apteronotus
Species:	A. albifrons
Binomial name
*Apteronotus albifrons* (Linnaeus, 1766)

The black ghost knifefish (Apteronotus albifrons) is a tropical fish belong to the ghost knifefish family (Apteronotidae). They originate in freshwater habitats in South America where ranging from Venezuela to theParaguay–Paraná River, including theAmazon Basin.^[1] They are popular in aquaria. The fish is all black except for two white rings on its tail, and a white blaze on its nose, which can occasionally extend into a stripe down its back. It moves mainly by undulating a long fin on its underside. It will grow to a maximum length of 50 cm (20 in).^[1] It does not have scales.

Black ghost knife fish are nocturnal. They are a weakly electric fish which use an electric organ and receptors distributed over the length of their body in order to locate insect larvae.

The black ghost knifefish natively lives in fast moving, sandy bottom creeks in a tropicalclimate. South American natives believe that the ghosts of the departed take up residence in these fish,^[3] hence the name.

The black ghost knifefish is a weakly electric fish as a result of the electromotor andelectrosensory systems it possesses.^[2] While some fish can only receive electric signals, the black ghost knifefish can both produce and sense the electrical impulses.^[4]Electrogenesis occurs when a specialized electric organ found in the tail of the fish generates electrical signals, which are thus called electric organ discharges (EODs).^[5]Then, for these EODs to be sensed by the fish,electroreception occurs when groups of sensory cells embedded in the skin, known as electroreceptor organs, detect the electrical change.^[6] The EODs are used for two major purposes: electrolocation and communication.^[7]

The kind of EOD produced can be used to distinguish between two types of weakly electric fish: the pulse-type and the wave-type.^[8] The black ghost knifefish are considered to be the latter type, because they can continuously generate EODs in small intervals. Wave-type EODs have a narrow power spectra, and can be heard as a tonal sound, where the discharge rate establishes the fundamental frequency.^[6] By emitting its own continuous sinusoidal train of EODs, the fish can determine the presence of nearby objects by sensing perturbations in timing and amplitude of electric fields, an ability known as active electrolocation.^[7] The particular organs used to sense the self-generated high-frequency EODs are tuberous electroreceptor organs. On the other hand, when low-frequency electric fields are generated by external sources instead of the fish itself, a different class of electroreceptor organs is used for this passive electrolocation, calledampullary organs. Therefore, the black ghost knifefish uses an active and a passive electrosystem, each with its own corresponding receptor organs.^[2] The fish can also use a mechanosensory lateral linesystem, which detects water disturbances created by the motion of the fish's body.^[9] Asnocturnal hunters, the fish can rely on all three systems to navigate through dark environments and detect their prey.^[2]

Each species has a characteristic EOD baseline frequency range, which varies with sex and age within the species, as well. The baseline frequency is maintained to be almost constant at stable temperature, but will usually be changed due to the presence of others of the same species. Such changes in frequency relevant to social interaction are called frequency modulations (FMs). The role these FMs have in communication is significant, as black ghost knifefish have developed jamming avoidance responses, which are behavioral responses that avoid the overlapping of EOD frequencies betweenconspecific individuals to prevent sensory confusion.^[7] Moreover, a study was conducted that focused on sexual dimorphism in electrocommunication signals. Female black ghost knifefish generate EODs at a higher frequency than the males, an FM which can be used for gender recognition.^[5] A study found the subdominant black ghost knifefish exhibited noticeable gradual frequency rises (GFRs) in their EODs whereas the dominant fish did not, supporting the researchers' hypothesis that GFRs during communication are indicative of submissive signals